Corrections & Retractions

This journal maintains the integrity of the scholarly record and follows the COPE Retraction Guidelines.

  • Correction (Erratum/Corrigendum) — for honest errors that do not affect the main conclusions.
  • Expression of Concern — issued while an investigation is ongoing.
  • Retraction — for plagiarism, fabricated data, duplicate publication or unethical research. The article stays online marked "RETRACTED".

Request a correction by emailing the editorial office with the article title and supporting evidence.